Magnetization
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Magnetization is a vector physical quantity that characterizes the magnetic state of a macroscopic physical body. Usually designated M. Defined as the magnetic moment per unit volume of a substance:
M = pm V {\displaystyle \mathbf {M} ={\frac {\mathbf {p_{m}} }{V}}}
Here, M is the magnetization vector; pm {\displaystyle p_{m}} is the magnetic moment vector; V is volume.
In the general case (the case of a non-uniform, for one reason or another, medium) magnetization is expressed as
M = dpmd V {\displaystyle \mathbf {M} ={\frac {d\mathbf {p_{m}} }{dV}}}
and is a function of coordinates. Where dpm {\displaystyle dp_{m}} is the total magnetic moment of molecules in the volume dV.
The relationship between M and magnetic field strength H in diamagnetic and paramagnetic materials is usually linear (at least when the magnetizing field is not too large):
M = χ m H {\displaystyle \mathbf {M} =\chi _{m}\mathbf {H} } ,
where χ m is called magnetic susceptibility. In ferromagnetic materials there is no unambiguous relationship between M and H due to magnetic hysteresis, and the magnetic susceptibility tensor is used to describe the dependence.
Magnetic induction is defined through magnetization as:
B = μ 0 ( H + M ) {\displaystyle \mathbf {B} =\mu _{0}\mathbf {(H+M)} } (SI system) B = ( H + 4 π M ) {\ displaystyle \mathbf {B} =(\mathbf {H} +4\pi \mathbf {M} )} (in the GHS system)
See also[ | ]
- Residual magnetization
Literature[ | ]
- Magnetization // Great Soviet Encyclopedia: [in 30 volumes] / ch. ed. A. M. Prokhorov. — 3rd ed. - M.: Soviet Encyclopedia, 1969-1978.
- Vonsovsky S.V. Magnetism, M., 1971
- Kirensky L.V. Magnetism, 3rd ed., M., 1967.
- Savelyev I.V. Electricity and magnetism, 2001.
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